https://wikiskripta.fjfi.cvut.cz/wiki/index.php?title=01MAA4:Kapitola18&feed=atom&action=history 01MAA4:Kapitola18 - Historie editací 2024-03-28T14:10:04Z Historie editací této stránky MediaWiki 1.25.2 https://wikiskripta.fjfi.cvut.cz/wiki/index.php?title=01MAA4:Kapitola18&diff=5535&oldid=prev Krasejak v 7. 9. 2015, 21:58 2015-09-07T21:58:30Z <p></p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr style='vertical-align: top;'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Starší verze</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Verze z 7. 9. 2015, 21:58</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L11" >Řádka 11:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Řádka 11:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>&#160; &#160;</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>&#160; &#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\begin{theorem}[nutná podmínka pro existenci extrému vzhledem k~varietě]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\begin{theorem}[nutná podmínka pro existenci extrému vzhledem k~varietě]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Buď $M$ $r$-rozměrná varieta třídy $\c{1}$, $x_0\in M$, $f:\R^n\<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">mapsto</del>\R$ reálná funkce</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Buď $M$ $r$-rozměrná varieta třídy $\c{1}$, $x_0\in M$, $f:\R^n\<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">to</ins>\R$ reálná funkce</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>diferencovatelná v~$x_0$. Nechť $f$ má v~$x_0$ lokální extrém vzhledem</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>diferencovatelná v~$x_0$. Nechť $f$ má v~$x_0$ lokální extrém vzhledem</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>k~varietě $M$. Potom existují čísla $\lambda_1,\dots,\lambda_m$</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>k~varietě $M$. Potom existují čísla $\lambda_1,\dots,\lambda_m$</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>taková, že $x_0$ je stacionárním bodem funkce</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>taková, že $x_0$ je stacionárním bodem funkce</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\[\Lambda=f-\sum_{l=1}^m \lambda_l\Phi^l\]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\[\Lambda=f-\sum_{l=1}^m \lambda_l\Phi^l\]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>při značení z~<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">16</del>. Čísla $\lambda_1,\dots,\lambda_m$ se nazývají {\bf</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>při značení z~<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">kapitoly 17</ins>. Čísla $\lambda_1,\dots,\lambda_m$ se nazývají {\bf</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Lagrangeovy multiplikátory} a $\Lambda$ {\bf Lagrangeova funkce}.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Lagrangeovy multiplikátory} a $\Lambda$ {\bf Lagrangeova funkce}.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\begin{proof}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\begin{proof}</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pro každý $\vec h\in T_{x_0}M$ existuje $\psi:\R\<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">mapsto </del>M$ takové, že</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pro každý $\vec h\in T_{x_0}M$ existuje $\psi:\R\<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">to </ins>M$ takové, že</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>$\psi(0)=x_0$ a $\psi'(0)=\vec h$. Definujme $\phi:\R\<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">mapsto</del>\R$</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>$\psi(0)=x_0$ a $\psi'(0)=\vec h$. Definujme $\phi:\R\<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">to</ins>\R$</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>vztahem $\phi=f\circ\psi$. BÚNO nechť $f$ má v $x_0$ maximum, tedy:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>vztahem $\phi=f\circ\psi$. BÚNO nechť $f$ má v $x_0$ maximum, tedy:</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>$$</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>$$</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>(\exists\H_{x_0})(\forall x\in\H_{x_0}\cap M)(f(x)\le f(x_0)) \Leftrightarrow (\exists\H_{0})(\forall t\in\H_{0})(f(\psi(t))\le f(\psi(0)))</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>(\exists\H_{x_0})(\forall x\in\H_{x_0}\cap M)(f(x)\le f(x_0)) \Leftrightarrow (\exists\H_{0})(\forall t\in\H_{0})(f(\psi(t))\le f(\psi(0)))</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>$$</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>$$</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>tedy $\phi$ <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">ma </del>v $0$ maximum. Pak $\phi'(0)=0$, a platí</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>tedy $\phi$ <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">má </ins>v $0$ maximum. Pak $\phi'(0)=0$, a platí</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\[0=\phi'(0)=f'(x_0)\cdot\psi'(0)=f'(x_0)\vec h</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\[0=\phi'(0)=f'(x_0)\cdot\psi'(0)=f'(x_0)\vec h</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=\left\langle \grad f(x_0),\vec h\right\rangle =0.\]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=\left\langle \grad f(x_0),\vec h\right\rangle =0.\]</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L33" >Řádka 33:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Řádka 33:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>a tedy</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>a tedy</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\[\grad\left(f-\sum_{l=1}^m\lambda_l\Phi^l\right)=0\]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\[\grad\left(f-\sum_{l=1}^m\lambda_l\Phi^l\right)=0\]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>a z~<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Riezsovy </del>věty pak vyplývá nulovost derivace $\Lambda$.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>a z~<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Rieszovy </ins>věty pak vyplývá nulovost derivace $\Lambda$.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\end{proof}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\end{proof}</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\end{theorem}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\end{theorem}</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L59" >Řádka 59:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Řádka 59:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\begin{proof}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\begin{proof}</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\begin{enumerate}[(i)]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\begin{enumerate}[(i)]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\item Buď $\vec h\in T_{x_0}M$. Potom existuje $\psi:\R\<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">mapsto </del>M$</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\item Buď $\vec h\in T_{x_0}M$. Potom existuje $\psi:\R\<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">to </ins>M$</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>takové, že $\psi(0)=x_0$, $\psi'(0)=\vec h$. Provedeme Taylorův rozvoj</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>takové, že $\psi(0)=x_0$, $\psi'(0)=\vec h$. Provedeme Taylorův rozvoj</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>$\Lambda$ v~$x_0$ do druhého řádu (to můžeme, protože $f''(x_0)$</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>$\Lambda$ v~$x_0$ do druhého řádu (to můžeme, protože $f''(x_0)$</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L112" >Řádka 112:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Řádka 112:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\[</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\[</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\norm{\vec{h_1}}^2=\norm{\vec{h}}^2-\norm{\vec{h_2}}^2 \wedge \lim_{\vec h\to \vec 0}\frac{\norm{\vec{h_2}}}{\norm{\vec{h}}}=0 \implies</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\norm{\vec{h_1}}^2=\norm{\vec{h}}^2-\norm{\vec{h_2}}^2 \wedge \lim_{\vec h\to \vec 0}\frac{\norm{\vec{h_2}}}{\norm{\vec{h}}}=0 \implies</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\norm{\vec{h_1}}^2\ge\frac{1}{2}\norm{\vec{h}}^2</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\norm{\vec{h_1}}^2\ge\frac{1}{2}\norm{\vec{h}}^2<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\]</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2">&#160;</td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">\qedhere</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\end{enumerate}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\end{enumerate}</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\end{proof}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\end{proof}</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L133" >Řádka 133:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Řádka 134:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>$\Lambda$.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>$\Lambda$.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\item $\Lambda''(x_0)\vec h^2=Q(\vec h)$.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\item $\Lambda''(x_0)\vec h^2=Q(\vec h)$.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\item Pokud je $Q(\vec h)$ PD nebo ND, pak je to minimum, případně maximum</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\item Pokud je $Q(\vec h)$ PD nebo ND, pak je to minimum, případně maximum<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\item Jinak musím nalézt tečný prostor ($T_{x_0}M=\ker\Phi'(x_0)$) a zúžím $Q(\vec h)$ na $T_{x_0}M$.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\item Jinak musím nalézt tečný prostor ($T_{x_0}M=\ker\Phi'(x_0)$) a zúžím $Q(\vec h)$ na $T_{x_0}M$.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\end{enumerate}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\end{enumerate}</div></td></tr> </table> Krasejak https://wikiskripta.fjfi.cvut.cz/wiki/index.php?title=01MAA4:Kapitola18&diff=5213&oldid=prev Nguyebin: Drobné úpravy. 2014-01-24T12:52:36Z <p>Drobné úpravy.</p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr style='vertical-align: top;'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Starší verze</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Verze z 24. 1. 2014, 12:52</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L17" >Řádka 17:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Řádka 17:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\[\Lambda=f-\sum_{l=1}^m \lambda_l\Phi^l\]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\[\Lambda=f-\sum_{l=1}^m \lambda_l\Phi^l\]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>při značení z~16. Čísla $\lambda_1,\dots,\lambda_m$ se nazývají {\bf</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>při značení z~16. Čísla $\lambda_1,\dots,\lambda_m$ se nazývají {\bf</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Lagrangeovy multiplikátory}<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. </del>$\Lambda$ <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">je </del>{\bf Lagrangeova funkce}.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Lagrangeovy multiplikátory} <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a </ins>$\Lambda$ {\bf Lagrangeova funkce}.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\begin{proof}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\begin{proof}</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pro každý $\vec h\in T_{x_0}M$ existuje $\psi:\R\mapsto M$ takové, že</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pro každý $\vec h\in T_{x_0}M$ existuje $\psi:\R\mapsto M$ takové, že</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L94" >Řádka 94:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Řádka 94:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>neboť</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>neboť</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\[</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\[</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\lim_{\vec h\to\vec <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">o</del>}\frac{\norm{\vec{h_2}}}{\norm{\vec{h}}}=0,\quad</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\lim_{\vec h\to\vec <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">0</ins>}\frac{\norm{\vec{h_2}}}{\norm{\vec{h}}}=0,\quad</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\lim_{\vec h\to\vec <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">o</del>}\frac{\norm{\vec{h_1}}}{\norm{\vec{h}}}=1</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\lim_{\vec h\to\vec <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">0</ins>}\frac{\norm{\vec{h_1}}}{\norm{\vec{h}}}=1</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>a</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>a</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\[</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\[</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\lim_{\vec h\to\vec <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">o</del>}\frac{1}{\norm{\vec{h}}^2}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\lim_{\vec h\to\vec <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">0</ins>}\frac{1}{\norm{\vec{h}}^2}</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\left(\Lambda''(x_0)\vec{h_1}\vec{h_2}+\frac12\Lambda''\vec{h_2}^2</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\left(\Lambda''(x_0)\vec{h_1}\vec{h_2}+\frac12\Lambda''\vec{h_2}^2</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>+\omega(x)\norm{\vec{h}}^2\right)=0,</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>+\omega(x)\norm{\vec{h}}^2\right)=0,</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L111" >Řádka 111:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Řádka 111:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Konečně díky ortogonalitě $\vec{h_1}$ a $\vec{h_2}$</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Konečně díky ortogonalitě $\vec{h_1}$ a $\vec{h_2}$</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\[</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\[</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\norm{\vec{h_1}}^2=\norm{\vec{h}}^2-\norm{\vec{h_2}}^2 \wedge \lim_{\vec h\to \vec <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">o</del>}\frac{\norm{\vec{h_2}}}{\norm{\vec{h}}}=0 \implies</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\norm{\vec{h_1}}^2=\norm{\vec{h}}^2-\norm{\vec{h_2}}^2 \wedge \lim_{\vec h\to \vec <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">0</ins>}\frac{\norm{\vec{h_2}}}{\norm{\vec{h}}}=0 \implies</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\norm{\vec{h_1}}^2\ge\frac{1}{2}\norm{\vec{h}}^2</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\norm{\vec{h_1}}^2\ge\frac{1}{2}\norm{\vec{h}}^2</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\]</div></td></tr> </table> Nguyebin https://wikiskripta.fjfi.cvut.cz/wiki/index.php?title=01MAA4:Kapitola18&diff=5088&oldid=prev Nguyebin: Drobná oprava. 2013-10-04T23:14:34Z <p>Drobná oprava.</p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr style='vertical-align: top;'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Starší verze</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Verze z 4. 10. 2013, 23:14</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L19" >Řádka 19:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Řádka 19:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Lagrangeovy multiplikátory}. $\Lambda$ je {\bf Lagrangeova funkce}.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Lagrangeovy multiplikátory}. $\Lambda$ je {\bf Lagrangeova funkce}.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\begin{proof}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\begin{proof}</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pro každý $\vec h\in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">T_M(</del>x_0<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">)</del>$ existuje $\psi:\R\mapsto M$ takové, že</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Pro každý $\vec h\in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">T_{</ins>x_0<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">}M</ins>$ existuje $\psi:\R\mapsto M$ takové, že</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>$\psi(0)=x_0$ a $\psi'(0)=\vec h$. Definujme $\phi:\R\mapsto\R$</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>$\psi(0)=x_0$ a $\psi'(0)=\vec h$. Definujme $\phi:\R\mapsto\R$</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>vztahem $\phi=f\circ\psi$. BÚNO nechť $f$ má v $x_0$ maximum, tedy:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>vztahem $\phi=f\circ\psi$. BÚNO nechť $f$ má v $x_0$ maximum, tedy:</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L38" >Řádka 38:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Řádka 38:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>&#160; &#160;</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>&#160; &#160;</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\begin{remark}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\begin{remark}</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Derivace vzhledem k~varietě: $f_M'(x_0)=f'(x_0)|_{<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">T_M(</del>x_0<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">)</del>}$,</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Derivace vzhledem k~varietě: $f_M'(x_0)=f'(x_0)|_{<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">T_{</ins>x_0<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">}M</ins>}$,</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>tj. derivace zúžená na tečný prostor.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>tj. derivace zúžená na tečný prostor.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\end{remark}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\end{remark}</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L47" >Řádka 47:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Řádka 47:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\begin{enumerate}[(i)]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\begin{enumerate}[(i)]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\item Má-li funkce $f|_M$ v~$x_0$ lokální minimum, potom</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\item Má-li funkce $f|_M$ v~$x_0$ lokální minimum, potom</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>$\Lambda''(x_0)|_{<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">T_M(</del>x_0<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">)</del>}\ge 0$.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>$\Lambda''(x_0)|_{<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">T_{</ins>x_0<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">}M</ins>}\ge 0$.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\item Je-li $\Lambda''(x_0)|_{<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">T_M(</del>x_0<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">)</del>}&gt;0$, má $f|_M$ v~$x_0$ ostré</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\item Je-li $\Lambda''(x_0)|_{<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">T_{</ins>x_0<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">}M</ins>}&gt;0$, má $f|_M$ v~$x_0$ ostré</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>lokální minimum.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>lokální minimum.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\item Má-li funkce $f|_M$ v~$x_0$ lokální maximum, potom</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\item Má-li funkce $f|_M$ v~$x_0$ lokální maximum, potom</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>$\Lambda''(x_0)|_{<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">T_M(</del>x_0<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">)</del>}\le 0$.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>$\Lambda''(x_0)|_{<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">T_{</ins>x_0<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">}M</ins>}\le 0$.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\item Je-li $\Lambda''(x_0)|_{<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">T_M(</del>x_0<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">)</del>}&lt;0$, má $f|_M$ v~$x_0$ ostré</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\item Je-li $\Lambda''(x_0)|_{<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">T_{</ins>x_0<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">}M</ins>}&lt;0$, má $f|_M$ v~$x_0$ ostré</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>lokální maximum.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>lokální maximum.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\item Je-li $\Lambda''(x_0)|_{<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">T_M(</del>x_0<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">)</del>}$ indefinitní, nemá $f|_M$ v</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\item Je-li $\Lambda''(x_0)|_{<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">T_{</ins>x_0<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">}M</ins>}$ indefinitní, nemá $f|_M$ v</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>$x_0$ lokální extrém.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>$x_0$ lokální extrém.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\end{enumerate}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\end{enumerate}</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\begin{proof}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\begin{proof}</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\begin{enumerate}[(i)]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\begin{enumerate}[(i)]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\item Buď $\vec h\in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">T_M(</del>x_0<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">)</del>$. Potom existuje $\psi:\R\mapsto M$</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\item Buď $\vec h\in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">T_{</ins>x_0<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">}M</ins>$. Potom existuje $\psi:\R\mapsto M$</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>takové, že $\psi(0)=x_0$, $\psi'(0)=\vec h$. Provedeme Taylorův rozvoj</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>takové, že $\psi(0)=x_0$, $\psi'(0)=\vec h$. Provedeme Taylorův rozvoj</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>$\Lambda$ v~$x_0$ do druhého řádu (to můžeme, protože $f''(x_0)$</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>$\Lambda$ v~$x_0$ do druhého řádu (to můžeme, protože $f''(x_0)$</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L77" >Řádka 77:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Řádka 77:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\item Buď $\Lambda''(x_0)\vec h^2&gt;0$, $x\in M\cap H$. Potom</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\item Buď $\Lambda''(x_0)\vec h^2&gt;0$, $x\in M\cap H$. Potom</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\[f(x)=f(x_0)+\frac12\Lambda''(x_0)(x-x_0)^2+\omega(x)\norm{x-x_0}^2.\]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\[f(x)=f(x_0)+\frac12\Lambda''(x_0)(x-x_0)^2+\omega(x)\norm{x-x_0}^2.\]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Problém je v~tom, že $x-x_0$ nemusí být obecně z~$<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">T_M(</del>x_0<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">)</del>$. Položme</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Problém je v~tom, že $x-x_0$ nemusí být obecně z~$<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">T_{</ins>x_0<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">}M</ins>$. Položme</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>$\vec h=x-x_0$, potom $\vec h$ lze vyjádřit jako $\vec</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>$\vec h=x-x_0$, potom $\vec h$ lze vyjádřit jako $\vec</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>h=\vec{h_1}+\vec{h_2}$, kde $\vec{h_1}\in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">T_M(</del>x_0<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">)</del>$, $\vec{h_2}\in</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>h=\vec{h_1}+\vec{h_2}$, kde $\vec{h_1}\in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">T_{</ins>x_0<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">}M</ins>$, $\vec{h_2}\in</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>N_M(x_0)$. Potom z~pozitivní definitnosti $\Lambda''$ vyplývá</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>N_M(x_0)$. Potom z~pozitivní definitnosti $\Lambda''$ vyplývá</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\[\Lambda''(x_0)\vec{h_1}^2\ge\alpha\norm{\vec{h_1}}^2\]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\[\Lambda''(x_0)\vec{h_1}^2\ge\alpha\norm{\vec{h_1}}^2\]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>pro nějaké $\alpha&gt;0$, neboť $\vec{h_1}\in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">T_M(</del>x_0<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">)</del>$.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>pro nějaké $\alpha&gt;0$, neboť $\vec{h_1}\in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">T_{</ins>x_0<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">}M</ins>$.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\[</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\[</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\begin{split}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\begin{split}</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L94" >Řádka 94:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Řádka 94:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>neboť</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>neboť</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\[</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\[</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\lim_{\vec h\to\<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">theta</del>}\frac{\norm{\vec{h_2}}}{\norm{\vec{h}}}=0,\quad</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\lim_{\vec h\to\<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">vec o</ins>}\frac{\norm{\vec{h_2}}}{\norm{\vec{h}}}=0,\quad</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\lim_{\vec h\to\<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">theta</del>}\frac{\norm{\vec{h_1}}}{\norm{\vec{h}}}=1</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\lim_{\vec h\to\<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">vec o</ins>}\frac{\norm{\vec{h_1}}}{\norm{\vec{h}}}=1</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>a</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>a</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\[</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\[</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\lim_{\vec h\to\<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">theta</del>}\frac{1}{\norm{\vec{h}}^2}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\lim_{\vec h\to\<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">vec o</ins>}\frac{1}{\norm{\vec{h}}^2}</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\left(\Lambda''(x_0)\vec{h_1}\vec{h_2}+\frac12\Lambda''\vec{h_2}^2</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\left(\Lambda''(x_0)\vec{h_1}\vec{h_2}+\frac12\Lambda''\vec{h_2}^2</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>+\omega(x)\norm{\vec{h}}^2\right)=0,</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>+\omega(x)\norm{\vec{h}}^2\right)=0,</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L111" >Řádka 111:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Řádka 111:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Konečně díky ortogonalitě $\vec{h_1}$ a $\vec{h_2}$</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Konečně díky ortogonalitě $\vec{h_1}$ a $\vec{h_2}$</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\[</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\[</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\norm{\vec{h_1}}^2=\norm{\vec{h}}^2-\norm{\vec{h_2}}^2 \wedge \lim_{\vec h\to\<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">theta</del>}\frac{\norm{\vec{h_2}}}{\norm{\vec{h}}}=0 \implies</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\norm{\vec{h_1}}^2=\norm{\vec{h}}^2-\norm{\vec{h_2}}^2 \wedge \lim_{\vec h\to \<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">vec o</ins>}\frac{\norm{\vec{h_2}}}{\norm{\vec{h}}}=0 \implies</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\norm{\vec{h_1}}^2\ge\frac{1}{2}\norm{\vec{h}}^2</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\norm{\vec{h_1}}^2\ge\frac{1}{2}\norm{\vec{h}}^2</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\]</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L134" >Řádka 134:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Řádka 134:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\item $\Lambda''(x_0)\vec h^2=Q(\vec h)$.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\item $\Lambda''(x_0)\vec h^2=Q(\vec h)$.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\item Pokud je $Q(\vec h)$ PD nebo ND, pak je to minimum, případně maximum</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\item Pokud je $Q(\vec h)$ PD nebo ND, pak je to minimum, případně maximum</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\item Jinak musím nalézt tečný prostor ($<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">T_M(</del>x_0<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">)</del>=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(</del>\Phi'(x_0<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">))^{-1}(\theta</del>)$) a zúžím $Q(\vec h)$ na $<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">T_M</del>$.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\item Jinak musím nalézt tečný prostor ($<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">T_{</ins>x_0<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">}M</ins>=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">\ker</ins>\Phi'(x_0)$) a zúžím $Q(\vec h)$ na $<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">T_{x_0}M</ins>$.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\end{enumerate}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\end{enumerate}</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tedy nalézám $q(\vec h)=Q(\vec h)|_{<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">T_M(</del>x_0<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">)</del>}$. $\Phi'(x_0)\vec h=0$</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Tedy nalézám $q(\vec h)=Q(\vec h)|_{<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">T_{</ins>x_0<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">}M</ins>}$. $\Phi'(x_0)\vec h=0$</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\[\sum_{i=1}^n\Phi_i^l(x_0)\vec h^i=0\text{ pro }l\in\hat m.\]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\[\sum_{i=1}^n\Phi_i^l(x_0)\vec h^i=0\text{ pro }l\in\hat m.\]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\item Prověřím definitnost $Q$.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\item Prověřím definitnost $Q$.</div></td></tr> </table> Nguyebin https://wikiskripta.fjfi.cvut.cz/wiki/index.php?title=01MAA4:Kapitola18&diff=4981&oldid=prev Nguyebin: Doplnění drobností. 2013-08-26T12:59:52Z <p>Doplnění drobností.</p> <table class='diff diff-contentalign-left'> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr style='vertical-align: top;'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">← Starší verze</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;">Verze z 26. 8. 2013, 12:59</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="L27" >Řádka 27:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Řádka 27:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>tedy $\phi$ ma v $0$ maximum. Pak $\phi'(0)=0$, a platí</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>tedy $\phi$ ma v $0$ maximum. Pak $\phi'(0)=0$, a platí</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\[0=\phi'(0)=f'(x_0)\cdot\psi'(0)=f'(x_0)\vec h</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>\[0=\phi'(0)=f'(x_0)\cdot\psi'(0)=f'(x_0)\vec h</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(</del>\grad f(x_0),\vec h<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">)</del>=0.\]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">\left\langle </ins>\grad f(x_0),\vec h<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">\right\rangle </ins>=0.\]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Z~toho dále vyplývá, že $\grad f(x_0)\in N_M(x_0)$</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Z~toho dále vyplývá, že $\grad f(x_0)\in N_M(x_0)$</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>a dále existence $\lambda_1,\dots,\lambda_m$ takových, že</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>&#160;</td><td style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>a dále existence $\lambda_1,\dots,\lambda_m$ takových, že</div></td></tr> </table> Nguyebin https://wikiskripta.fjfi.cvut.cz/wiki/index.php?title=01MAA4:Kapitola18&diff=3234&oldid=prev Admin: Založena nová stránka: %\wikiskriptum{01MAA4} \section{Vázané extrémy} \begin{define} Řekneme, že funkce $f$ má v~bodě $x_0\in M$ {\bf lokální extrém vzhledem k~varietě $M$}, práv... 2010-08-01T09:02:02Z <p>Založena nová stránka: %\wikiskriptum{01MAA4} \section{Vázané extrémy} \begin{define} Řekneme, že funkce $f$ má v~bodě $x_0\in M$ {\bf lokální extrém vzhledem k~varietě $M$}, práv...</p> <p><b>Nová stránka</b></p><div>%\wikiskriptum{01MAA4}<br /> \section{Vázané extrémy}<br /> <br /> \begin{define}<br /> Řekneme, že funkce $f$ má v~bodě $x_0\in M$<br /> {\bf lokální extrém vzhledem k~varietě $M$}, právě když<br /> \[(\exists\H_{x_0})(\forall x\in\H_{x_0}\cap M)(f(x)\ge f(x_0))<br /> \text{, resp. }<br /> (\exists\H_{x_0})(\forall x\in\H_{x_0}\cap M)(f(x)\le f(x_0)).\]<br /> \end{define}<br /> <br /> \begin{theorem}[nutná podmínka pro existenci extrému vzhledem k~varietě]<br /> Buď $M$ $r$-rozměrná varieta třídy $\c{1}$, $x_0\in M$, $f:\R^n\mapsto\R$ reálná funkce<br /> diferencovatelná v~$x_0$. Nechť $f$ má v~$x_0$ lokální extrém vzhledem<br /> k~varietě $M$. Potom existují čísla $\lambda_1,\dots,\lambda_m$<br /> taková, že $x_0$ je stacionárním bodem funkce<br /> \[\Lambda=f-\sum_{l=1}^m \lambda_l\Phi^l\]<br /> při značení z~16. Čísla $\lambda_1,\dots,\lambda_m$ se nazývají {\bf<br /> Lagrangeovy multiplikátory}. $\Lambda$ je {\bf Lagrangeova funkce}.<br /> \begin{proof}<br /> Pro každý $\vec h\in T_M(x_0)$ existuje $\psi:\R\mapsto M$ takové, že<br /> $\psi(0)=x_0$ a $\psi'(0)=\vec h$. Definujme $\phi:\R\mapsto\R$<br /> vztahem $\phi=f\circ\psi$. BÚNO nechť $f$ má v $x_0$ maximum, tedy:<br /> $$<br /> (\exists\H_{x_0})(\forall x\in\H_{x_0}\cap M)(f(x)\le f(x_0)) \Leftrightarrow (\exists\H_{0})(\forall t\in\H_{0})(f(\psi(t))\le f(\psi(0)))<br /> $$<br /> tedy $\phi$ ma v $0$ maximum. Pak $\phi'(0)=0$, a platí<br /> \[0=\phi'(0)=f'(x_0)\cdot\psi'(0)=f'(x_0)\vec h<br /> =(\grad f(x_0),\vec h)=0.\]<br /> Z~toho dále vyplývá, že $\grad f(x_0)\in N_M(x_0)$<br /> a dále existence $\lambda_1,\dots,\lambda_m$ takových, že<br /> \[\grad f(x_0)=\sum_{l=1}^m\lambda_l\grad\Phi^l(x_0),\]<br /> a tedy<br /> \[\grad\left(f-\sum_{l=1}^m\lambda_l\Phi^l\right)=0\]<br /> a z~Riezsovy věty pak vyplývá nulovost derivace $\Lambda$.<br /> \end{proof}<br /> \end{theorem}<br /> <br /> \begin{remark}<br /> Derivace vzhledem k~varietě: $f_M'(x_0)=f'(x_0)|_{T_M(x_0)}$,<br /> tj. derivace zúžená na tečný prostor.<br /> \end{remark}<br /> <br /> \begin{theorem}[postačující podmínka]<br /> Buď $M$ varieta třídy $\c{2}$, nechť existuje $f''(x_0)$, $x_0\in M$,<br /> existuje $\Lambda$ a $\Lambda'(x_0)=0$. Potom<br /> \begin{enumerate}[(i)]<br /> \item Má-li funkce $f|_M$ v~$x_0$ lokální minimum, potom<br /> $\Lambda''(x_0)|_{T_M(x_0)}\ge 0$.<br /> \item Je-li $\Lambda''(x_0)|_{T_M(x_0)}&gt;0$, má $f|_M$ v~$x_0$ ostré<br /> lokální minimum.<br /> \item Má-li funkce $f|_M$ v~$x_0$ lokální maximum, potom<br /> $\Lambda''(x_0)|_{T_M(x_0)}\le 0$.<br /> \item Je-li $\Lambda''(x_0)|_{T_M(x_0)}&lt;0$, má $f|_M$ v~$x_0$ ostré<br /> lokální maximum.<br /> \item Je-li $\Lambda''(x_0)|_{T_M(x_0)}$ indefinitní, nemá $f|_M$ v<br /> $x_0$ lokální extrém.<br /> \end{enumerate}<br /> \begin{proof}<br /> \begin{enumerate}[(i)]<br /> \item Buď $\vec h\in T_M(x_0)$. Potom existuje $\psi:\R\mapsto M$<br /> takové, že $\psi(0)=x_0$, $\psi'(0)=\vec h$. Provedeme Taylorův rozvoj<br /> $\Lambda$ v~$x_0$ do druhého řádu (to můžeme, protože $f''(x_0)$<br /> existuje a $M\in\c{2}$)<br /> \[\Lambda(x)=\Lambda(x_0)+\underbrace{\Lambda'(x_0)(x-x_0)}_{=0}+<br /> \frac12\Lambda''(x_0)(x-x_0)^2+\omega(x)\norm{x-x_0}^2,\]<br /> \[\Lambda(\psi(t))=\Lambda(x_0)+<br /> \frac12\Lambda''(x_0)(\psi(t)-\psi(0))^2+<br /> \omega(\psi(t))\norm{\psi(t)-\psi(0)}^2.\]<br /> Protože $\psi(t)$ je z~variety, kde splývá $f$ s~$\Lambda$, vyjde<br /> \[\frac{1}{t^2}\left(f(\psi(t))-f(\psi(0))-<br /> \omega(\psi(t))\norm{\psi(t)-\psi(0)}^2\right)=<br /> \frac12\Lambda''(\psi(0))\left(\frac{\psi(t)-\psi(0)}{t}\right)^2.\]<br /> Limitním přechodem $t\to 0$ dostáváme<br /> \[\frac{1}{t^2}\underbrace{f(\psi(t))-f(\psi(0))}_{\ge 0}=<br /> \frac12\Lambda''(x_0){\vec h}^2.\]<br /> \item Buď $\Lambda''(x_0)\vec h^2&gt;0$, $x\in M\cap H$. Potom<br /> \[f(x)=f(x_0)+\frac12\Lambda''(x_0)(x-x_0)^2+\omega(x)\norm{x-x_0}^2.\]<br /> Problém je v~tom, že $x-x_0$ nemusí být obecně z~$T_M(x_0)$. Položme<br /> $\vec h=x-x_0$, potom $\vec h$ lze vyjádřit jako $\vec<br /> h=\vec{h_1}+\vec{h_2}$, kde $\vec{h_1}\in T_M(x_0)$, $\vec{h_2}\in<br /> N_M(x_0)$. Potom z~pozitivní definitnosti $\Lambda''$ vyplývá<br /> \[\Lambda''(x_0)\vec{h_1}^2\ge\alpha\norm{\vec{h_1}}^2\]<br /> pro nějaké $\alpha&gt;0$, neboť $\vec{h_1}\in T_M(x_0)$.<br /> \[<br /> \begin{split}<br /> f(x)-f(x_0)&amp;=\frac12\Lambda''(x_0)\vec{h_1}^2+\Lambda''(x_0)\vec{h_1}\vec{h_2}+<br /> \frac12\Lambda''(x_0)\vec{h_2}^2+\omega(x)\norm{\vec{h_1}+\vec{h_2}}^2\ge\\<br /> &amp;\ge\frac{\alpha}{2}\norm{\vec{h_1}}^2-\frac{\alpha}{8}\norm{\vec{h}}^2\ge<br /> \frac{\alpha}{4}\norm{\vec{h}}^2-\frac{\alpha}{8}\norm{\vec{h}}^2=<br /> \frac{\alpha}{8}\norm{\vec{h}}^2,<br /> \end{split}<br /> \]<br /> neboť<br /> \[<br /> \lim_{\vec h\to\theta}\frac{\norm{\vec{h_2}}}{\norm{\vec{h}}}=0,\quad<br /> \lim_{\vec h\to\theta}\frac{\norm{\vec{h_1}}}{\norm{\vec{h}}}=1<br /> \]<br /> a<br /> \[<br /> \lim_{\vec h\to\theta}\frac{1}{\norm{\vec{h}}^2}<br /> \left(\Lambda''(x_0)\vec{h_1}\vec{h_2}+\frac12\Lambda''\vec{h_2}^2<br /> +\omega(x)\norm{\vec{h}}^2\right)=0,<br /> \]<br /> takže lze zvolit takové $\alpha&gt;0$, aby<br /> \[<br /> \frac{1}{\norm{\vec{h}}^2}<br /> \left(\Lambda''(x_0)\vec{h_1}\vec{h_2}+\frac12\Lambda''\vec{h_2}^2<br /> +\omega(x)\norm{\vec{h}}^2\right)\le\frac{\alpha}{8}.<br /> \]<br /> Konečně díky ortogonalitě $\vec{h_1}$ a $\vec{h_2}$<br /> \[<br /> \norm{\vec{h_1}}^2=\norm{\vec{h}}^2-\norm{\vec{h_2}}^2 \wedge \lim_{\vec h\to\theta}\frac{\norm{\vec{h_2}}}{\norm{\vec{h}}}=0 \implies<br /> \norm{\vec{h_1}}^2\ge\frac{1}{2}\norm{\vec{h}}^2<br /> \]<br /> \end{enumerate}<br /> \end{proof}<br /> \end{theorem}<br /> <br /> \begin{remark}<br /> Metodika hledání extrémů:<br /> \begin{enumerate}<br /> \item Nechť $f$, $\Phi^1,\dots,\Phi^m\in\c{2}$.<br /> \item Ověříme, zda $M=\{x\in\R^n|\Phi(x)=0\}=<br /> \{x\in\R^n|\Phi(x)=0\wedge\h(\Phi'(x))=m\}$, tj. je varieta.<br /> \item Sestavím funkční předpis<br /> \[\Lambda = f-\sum_{l=1}^m \lambda_l\Phi^l,\]<br /> kde $\lambda$ zatím neznám.<br /> \item Položím $\Lambda'(x_0)=\Theta$, $\Lambda_j(x_0)=0$ pro $j\in\n$,<br /> $\Phi^l(x_0)=0$ pro $l\in\hat m$. Dostanu $m+n$ rovnic pro $m+n$<br /> neznámých.<br /> \item Vyberu si jeden bod $x_0$, určím $\lambda_j$ a dosadím do<br /> $\Lambda$.<br /> \item $\Lambda''(x_0)\vec h^2=Q(\vec h)$.<br /> \item Pokud je $Q(\vec h)$ PD nebo ND, pak je to minimum, případně maximum<br /> \item Jinak musím nalézt tečný prostor ($T_M(x_0)=(\Phi'(x_0))^{-1}(\theta)$) a zúžím $Q(\vec h)$ na $T_M$.<br /> \end{enumerate}<br /> Tedy nalézám $q(\vec h)=Q(\vec h)|_{T_M(x_0)}$. $\Phi'(x_0)\vec h=0$<br /> \[\sum_{i=1}^n\Phi_i^l(x_0)\vec h^i=0\text{ pro }l\in\hat m.\]<br /> \item Prověřím definitnost $Q$.<br /> Je nutno hlídat dimenze.<br /> \end{remark}<br /> <br /> \begin{remark}<br /> Důkaz nerovnosti $f(x)\le g(x)$: $f(x)=a$ je varieta, např. uzavřená<br /> dráha. Najdu extrém $g(x)$ na varietě $f(x)=a$, to provedu pro každé<br /> $a$.<br /> \end{remark}</div> Admin